I've built clipper.dev - the fastest container repository in the world. (Big claim, I know.) It deduplicates at a file/chunk level, rather than at the layer level. I get around 10-20% faster pulls than docker (when using containerd for both) for fresh pulls. For some workflows, I see 80-90% faster patch pulls (think v0.17.5 -> 0.17.6). Here's a best case scenario for me (and worst case for dockerhub) docker> time sudo nerdctl pull ollama/ollama:0.17.5 docker.io/ollama/ollama:0.17.5: elapsed: 244.1s total: 2.9 Gi (12.3 MiB/s) real 4m4.172s user 0m0.115s sys 0m0.227s docker> time sudo nerdctl pull ollama/ollama:0.17.6 docker.io/ollama/ollama:0.17.6: elapsed: 234.9s total: 2.8 Gi (12.3 MiB/s) real 3m54.965s user 0m0.051s sys 0m0.275s --- clipper> time sudo clipper pull clipper/ollama:0.17.5 using containerd runtime at /run/containerd/containerd.sock fetching manifest clipper.dev/clipper/ollama:0.17.5 ... image created: clipper.dev/clipper/ollama:0.17.5 fetched 46 chunks (2.2 GB, 11.7 MB/s), took 3m16.134s done — clipper.dev/clipper/ollama:0.17.5 real 3m17.532s user 0m0.006s sys 0m0.012s clipper> time sudo clipper pull clipper/ollama:0.17.6 using containerd runtime at.